(Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Unasyn)
See Also
Preparations: Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Child: 50-200 mg/kg/day IV divided qid
Amoxicillin
Adult: 875 mg PO bid
Child: 45 mg/kg/day divided PO bid
Preparations: Added Beta-lactamase resistance
Ampicillin Sulbactam (Unasyn)
Adult: 1.5-3 grams IV every 6 hours
Amoxicillin Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Adult: 875 mg PO bid
Child: 45 mg/kg/day divided PO bid
Mechanisms of action
Same as for Natural Penicillins
Penetrates outer membrane of some Gram Negatives
Clavulanic acid and sulbactam bind Beta-lactamases
Pharmacokinetics
Keep Augmentin suspension refrigerated
Clavulanate suspension breaks down at room temperature
Turns brown with breakdown
Loses 90% of potency after 2 days at room temperature
Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms Overcome
Beta-lactamase Production
Alteration of Penicillin binding protein
Activity Spectrum
General
Gram Positive Cocci
Gram Negative Rods
Spirochetes (e.g. Treponema pallidum)
Conditions
Otitis Media
Sinusitis
CNS Infection
Urinary Tract Infection
Infectious Enteritis
Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)
Helicobacter Pylori
Adverse effects
Similar to Natural Penicillins
Maculopapular rash
Diarrhea (modifications can decrease stools to 12%)
Dose exactly by kilogram for children
Avoid food before dose
Consider eating yogurt with each dose
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