Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008 Jan
Decroos FC, Afshari NA.
Duke University Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cataract surgery has benefited from great technical advances but no consensus exists as regards optimal perioperative medical management of inflammation and infection prophylaxis.
RECENT FINDINGS: The present article primarily reviews recent evidence about the most advantageous antibiotic regimen to minimize endophthalmitis, and the utility of steroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in management of both postoperative inflammation and cystoid macular edema. Prospective data from Europe supports the efficacy of intracameral cephalosporins in reducing the incidence of endophthalmitis. We compare this with retrospective data from the United States describing a low incidence of endophthalmitis when using fourth-generation fluoroquinolones as chemoprophylaxis. Other studies demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of multiple perioperative topical NSAIDs. Further important questions remain, however, including whether NSAIDs exhibit a superior side-effect profile relative to corticosteroids, whether benefit exists to combination NSAID/corticosteroid therapy, as well as whether NSAIDS can reduce the incidence of cystoid macular edema.
SUMMARY: New evidence clarifies the use of intracameral antibiotics, and other studies support a niche anti-inflammatory role for NSAIDs.
PMID: 18090893 [PubMed - in process]
The role of NSAIDs in the management of postoperative ophthalmic inflammation.
Drugs. 2007
University Hospital Complex of Bordeaux, Peflegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France. joseph.colin@chu-bordeaux.fr
Recent advances in cataract surgery, such as phacoemulsification, small-incision surgery and advances in foldable intraocular lenses, have resulted in the decrease of physical trauma associated with cataract surgery. The decrease in the physical surgical trauma decreases the release of prostaglandins, which are the main players in postoperative ocular inflammation. However, postoperative inflammation continues to be a cause of patient discomfort, delayed recovery and, in some cases, suboptimal visual results. Left untreated, this inflammation might interfere with patients' rehabilitation and/or contribute to the development of other complications, such as cystoid macular oedema.NSAIDs are commercially available, in topical or systemic formulations, for the prophylaxis and treatment of ocular conditions. Topically applied NSAIDs are commonly used in the management and prevention of non-infectious ocular inflammation and cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery. They are also used in the management of pain following refractive surgery and in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Despite their chemical heterogeneity, all NSAIDs share the similar therapeutic property of inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme. The appeal of using NSAIDs in the treatment of ocular inflammation hinges on the complications associated with corticosteroids, the other commonly used therapy for ophthalmic inflammation.
PMID: 17547472 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
